I needed to run Selenium on macOS for the first time today. Here's how I got it working.
This is by far the easiest option:
brew install chromedriver --cask
This also ensures chromedriver is on your path, which means you don't need to use an explicit chromedriver_path later on.
You still need to run it once in the terminal chromedriver to get the macOS error, then allow it in the Security & Privacy preferences - see below.
To upgrade an existing installation do this:
brew upgrade chromedriver --cask
Knowing how to upgrade an existing version is useful if you are seeing an error like this one:
Message: session not created: This version of ChromeDriver only supports Chrome version 85
ChromeDriver is available from the official website here: https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
I have Chrome 85 so I downloaded the chromedriver_mac64.zip file from https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html?path=85.0.4183.87/
Unzipping this gave me a chromedriver binary file. I decided to put this in my ~/bin directory.
The first time I ran it I got an error complaining that the binary has not been signed:
~/bin/chromedriver
# A window displayed on macOS with an error
To fix this, go to System Preferences -> Security & Privacy - there was a prompt there about the binary, with an "open this anyway" button. Clicking that worked around the signing issue.
I installed Selenium using pip for Python 3:
pip install selenium
Since I was planning to use it from a Jupyter Notebook I actually installed it by running the following in a cell in a notebook:
%pip install selenium
The benefit of running this in the notebook is that you don't need to know the exact path to pip running in the same virtual environment as Jupyter, so I use this trick a lot.
I ran this in a notebook cell:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
# This is not needed if chromedriver is already on your path:
chromedriver_path = "/Users/simon/bin/chromedriver"
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--window-size=1920x1080")
options.add_argument("--verbose")
# options.add_argument("--headless")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, chromedriver_path=executable_path)
driver.get("https://www.example.com")This opened a visible Chrome window to https://www.example.com/
print(driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body').text)This output the following, showing that Selenium is fully working:
Example Domain
This domain is for use in illustrative examples in documents. You may use this domain in literature without prior coordination or asking for permission.
More information...
I got Firefox support working by downloading the geckodriver binary from https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver and copying that to my ~/bin/ directory. Then this worked:
from selenium import webdriver
firefox = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path="/Users/simon/bin/geckodriver")
firefox.get('http://seleniumhq.org/')
print(firefox.find_element_by_css_selector('body').text)I used wget for the download (rather than clicking the link in my browser) thanks to the warning here: https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/testing/geckodriver/Notarization.html
An easier option: install it with Homebrew:
brew install geckodriver
This puts it on the PATH and ensures the code is already signed and does not show a warning. You can then use it like this:
from selenium import webdriver
firefox = webdriver.Firefox()
firefox.get('http://seleniumhq.org/')You can close the Firefox window (and terminate the Firefox process) later like this:
firefox.close()Created 2020-10-02T13:06:54-07:00, updated 2022-11-16T15:43:28-08:00 · History · Edit